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100			_aIkram A
245		0	_aEffect of antioxidants and latex vulcanising agents on the environmental degradation of latex films
260			_bJournal of Rubber Research _c2005
300			_a220-240
520			_aThe role of antioxidants and latex vulcanising agents on the environmental degradation of NR latex gloves and films was studied. In soil burial tests, acetone-treated glove pieces degraded significantly more than the untreated samples after 24 weeks, whereas polychloroprene and nitrile pieces remained unaffected. This solvent-induced rapid degradation rate of NR glove pieces was due to the leaching out of the organic antioxidants and dithiocarbamate accelerators. Under the scanning electron microscope, the particulate-structures surface of the treated NR samples displayed wide cracks and cavities in the degraded areas which indicates bulk disintegration in the film. In agar plate culture studies, more than 80;of bacteria could grow at the highest level (10 000 Mg/mL) of the phenolic antioxidants (Irganox@, Wingstay L@). WIth the dithiocarbamate accelerators, ZDEC was more inhibotory than ZDBC as 50;of the bacteria grew at the highest level of ZDBC (10 000 Mg/mL) but only 16;grew on ZDBC. THe growth of fungi except yeast was unaffected by the presence of the antioxidants or accelerators. When latex films of varying curing systems were used, increasing the level of crosslink concentrations increased their resistance to environmental degradation. As a group, the non-sulphur prevulcanised films degraded much faster than the sulphur-vulcnaised films. The singular presence of sulphur, ZDEC, ZNO of Irganox@ did not significantly affect the resistance of the non-sulphur prevulcanised films to environmental degradation whereas the combined effect of these additives did. The study confirmed that antioxidants and accelerators affect the rate of latex film degradation via their role in influencing the crosslink efficiency of the rubber.
650			_aAccelerators
650			_aAntioxidants
650			_aBurial
650			_aDegradation
650			_aDithiocarbamate
650			_aEnvironment
650			_aFilms
650			_aGloves
650			_aLatex
650			_aLeaching
650			_aSoil
650			_aTests
650			_aVulcanising agents
700			_a _sAmir Hashim M Y
700			_aFauzi M S
700			_aKamaruzaman S
700			_aMaAzam M S
700			_aShamsul Bahri A R
942			_cJS
999			_c57689 _d57689