000			01688nam a2200145Ia 4500
008			220216s9999 xx 000 0 und d
100			_aKong Ping
245		0	_aCarbon dioxide as a potential water disinfestant for phytophthora disease risk mitigation
260			_bPlant Disease _c2013
300			_a369-372
520			_aThe spread of Phytophthora spp. through irrigation systems and natural waterways can have a significant impact on plant health and requires mitigation. Pressurized carbon dioxide(CO2) can inactive Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores but its effectiveness at low pressure and on other species was unknown. this study evaluated the effect of injected CO2 at 63 to4,000 ppm in irrigation water on zoospore survival of four Phytophthora spp. and inefeciency of P. nicotianae zoospores. Zoospore survival of P.nicotianae, P.tropicalis, and P.pini was reduced by over 90;at 4,000 ppm and was reduced by 40;at 125 to 2,000 ppm after a 2-h exposure. Survival of P. megasperma was less effected by injected CO@, with reduction of 37.1;at less than or equal to 4,000 ppm. CO@ treatement at 4,000 ppm for 30 or 120 min of water infested with p, nicotianae at zoospore concentrations of 1,000 and 5,000 ml-1 reduced disease incidence of annual vinca(Catharanthus roseus) by 92 and 75;. Comparable efficacy was obseved in the CO2 treatement at 2,000 ppm. The CO2 treatements at less than 2,000 ppm also significantly reduced disease caused by water infested at 1,000 zoospores ml-1. These results indicate that CO2 may have potential as a safe and effective water disinfestant for Phytophthora spp.
650			_aCO2 treatments
650			_aPond water processing
942			_cJS
999			_c55143 _d55143