Spatial distribution of the rubber tree root system and the mineral nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil were determined to study the correlation between fertilizer nutrients and the distribution of the root system. The results showed that there were high NH4+ -N and NO3- -N contents in the soil of 0-50 cm and 100-120 cm deep; in the depth of 60-100 cm, the NH4+ -N and NO3- -N contents were low. There was little correlation between NH4+ -N distribution and root system distribution. Phosphorus distribution was quite different in the soil from the top layer to the lower layers, and in the fertilizer cave from the inner part to the outward parts. P fertilizer maintained high concentration in some parts of the soil for a long time. P distribution was in conformity with the root system distribution in the fertilizer cave of 0-60 cm deep. In the depth lower than 60 cm, there was little P distribution. K distribution reduced gradually in the soil from the top layer to the lower layers, which was in conformity with the distribution of rubber tree root system. N P K contents outside the fertilizer cave were similar to those in the original soil. And there were few absorbing root distributions outside the fertilizer cave. The results reveal that the method of fertilizer application to the rubber trees is reasonable to certain extent, but there exist some problems.