Aims: Explore how soil CO2 efflux and its components change after moving sand dunes are stabilized with shrubs, and how abiotic factors affect those components at different scales. Methods: Soil CO2 efflux from a sand-stabilized area was compared to that from moving sand dunes in the tengger Desert. To partition rhizosphere respiration (RR) from soil basal respiration (RB), a root-isolation plot was established. Results:Compared to moving sand dunes, total soil respiration (RT) in the sand-stabilized area increased 3.2 fold to 0.28+-0.08 meu mol CO2 m-2 s-1, two third of which was from RB. Shrub patchiness produced spatial variation in soil respiration, whereas temporal dynamics of soil respiration were affected mainly by soil water content. Shallow soil water content (0- 20cm) influenced RT and RB, whereas deep soil water content (30-210 cm) influenced RR and the ratio RR/RT. During most of the year when soil water content was below field capacity, diurnal changes in soil respiration were partially decoupled from soil temperature and photosynthetic active radiation. Conclusion: Sand-dune stabilization increased soil respiration, and increased RB from biological soil crust and altered soil properties such as increased soil organic matter contributed more than increased RR from increased shrubs.