The production of rubber by the Hevea brasiliensis laticiferous system depends on two major limiting factors: latex flow after tapping and latex regeneration between two tappings. Physiological mechanisms are able to control the functioning of these two limiting factors. Latex flow depends on several parameters: turgor pressure, the characteristics of water transfers from phloem tissue to laticifers after tapping, and processes involved in latex coagulation. These processes are antagonistic: some induce coagulation (hevein, glucanase, etc) others slow it down (alpha-glucosaminidase, chitinase, etc). Latex regeneration is controlled by four essential mechanisms. The first concerns sucrose loading of the laticifers. Sucrose is effectively the fundamental element of cellular metabolism in general, and more specifically of isoprene metabolism. It depends on the carbohydrate availability of elaborated sap flow and bark reserves, but also of its plasmalemmic transfer inside the laticiferous syncitium. The second mechanism concerns the regulation of limiting enzymatic activities in the laticiferous metabolic pathways involved in latex regeneration (i.e. the invertase step). The third mechanism is linked to the availability of biochemical energy and its regeneration in situ. The quantity and the turnover of the adenylic pool play a major role in latex flow and latex regenaration, consequently in rubber yield. The fourth mechanism concerns two aspects: on the one hand, reactions inducing senescence phenomena, which generate toxic molecules of active oxygen species (AOS: O2-H2O2 OH), are responsible for laticifer fatigue and dry bark, whereas biochemcal processes involving antioxidant reactions fight against AOS and detoxify the laticiferous tissues, preserving their latex production capacity.