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  <leader>02076nam a2200145Ia 4500</leader>
  <controlfield tag="008">220216s9999    xx            000 0 und d</controlfield>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Faiz Ahmad</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2="0">
    <subfield code="a">Efficacy of herbicides and herbicide mixtures on weeds under rubber</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="b">In: Symposium on agronomy aspects of the cultivation of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Beruwela, Sri Lanka, 5-6 November 1996</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">1997</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Weeds cause serious problems during the immature phase of rubber since their competition for nutrients and water retard crop growth and prolong the immaturity period. In mature rubber areas, woody weeds may interfere with accessibility for tapping, latex collection and fertilizer application. This paper reports on the efficacy of herbicides for effective control of weeds along planting strips and also on selected weeds in the interrows  of mature and immature rubber. Mixed weeds, comprising grasses and broadleaves along the planting strips, were effectively controlled with glyphosate + dicamba at 0.54 + 0.27 kg ae/ha, glyphosate + fluroxypyr at 0.54 + 0.09 kg ae/ha, glyphosate + metsulfuron at 0.54 kg ae/ha + 0.075 kg ai/ha and imazapyr at 0.375 kg ae/ha. Glufosinate ammonium at 0.5 kg/ha or paraquat + diuron at 0.6 + 0.6 kg ai/ha gave a shorter duration of control compared with glyphosate mixtures or imazapyr. Imperata cylindrica and pennisetum polystachion, which are common in immature rubber, can be effectively controlled with glyphosate at 2.16 kg ae/ha, imazapyr at 0.75 ae/ha and glyphosate trimesium at 2.16 kg ae/ha. Woody shrubs, such as Clidemia hitra, Chromolaena odorata and Melastoma malabathricum, are more common in mature rubber than in immature rubber. These weeds were effectively controlled with triclopyr at 0.375 kg ae/ha, fluroxypyr at 0.2 kg ae/ha and metsulfuron methyl at 0.15 kg ai/ha. The ferns Dicranopteris linearis and Stenochlaena palustris were effectively controlled with paraquat and glufosinate ammonium each at 1.0 kg ai/ha respectively.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Herbicides</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Rubber</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Weed control</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="942" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">JS</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="c">58410</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">58410</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="0">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="1">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="4">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="7">8</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">MAIN</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">92</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">2021-12-17</subfield>
    <subfield code="l">0</subfield>
    <subfield code="r">2021-12-17 00:00:00</subfield>
    <subfield code="w">2022-02-16</subfield>
    <subfield code="y">JS</subfield>
  </datafield>
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