The paper seeks to enquire the livelihood conditions of the tribal rubber growers of two major rubber growing districts of Assam viz.,Goalpara and Kokrajhar. Five livelihood assets or capital indices (physical, human, natural, financial and social) were used to reflect the livelihood conditions of these rubber growers of the chosen districts. Twenty three variables (called sub-components) were used to construct these five capital or asset indices. The five asset indices together constitute Sustainable Livelihood Indices (SLI) for each of the two districts in consideration. The SLI of the Goalpara tribal rubber growers was found to be higher than that of Kokrajhar growers indicating better overall socio-economic status of the growers of the former district. However, differences between the individual sub-components among the growers of the two districts were insignificant indicating almost similar livelihood assets status of the tribal rubber growers of the two districts. Some of the factors contributing to the existing livelihood conditions of the two selected districts were also identified in the paper for further policy implications.